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Global JXDM & NIEM Moving Toward Seamless Information Sharing

February 6th, 2008

THE NATIONAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE MODEL

Since its first prerelease in April 2003, the Global JXDM has become key technology for sharing information within the justice community. It has laid the foundation for local, state, tribal and national justice interoperability by making seamless, automated information exchanges between disparate software systems possible.

The Global JXDM, however, has its limitations. Since it was designed primarily for information sharing within the law enforcement and justice communities, it does not provide for data exchanges with other domains. In 2005, the DOJ and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) launched a new data exchange standard called the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) to expand upon the success and scope of Global JXDM. Like Global JXDM, NIEM provides a foundation for the seamless exchange of information. NIEM, however, doesn’t just serve one community; it allows seven communities of interest (emergency management, immigration, infrastructure protection, intelligence, international trade, justice and person screening) to share, exchange and accept information across domains. In September of 2006 the DOJ announced that the Global JXDM would converge with NIEM, becoming a single highly integrated data model. To show its support for this new standard, the government also announced that agencies needed to adopt NIEM in order to receive grants for information sharing initiatives.

NIEM is based on and behaves very similarly to the Global JXDM. Like Global JXDM, it breaks concepts down into individual data components. To facilitate information sharing between domains, these components are given one of three classifications:

Universal


Components that are utilized by every domain. These can be shared in data exchanges between any of the domains.

Common


Components that are used by multiple domains but not all of them. These components can only be shared by certain domains.

Domain Specific

Components that are utilized only in specific domains. These are not shared between domains.


The following example demonstrates how NIEM utilizes these classifications to facilitate information exchanges between domains. A police officer picks up two men who are suspected of being in the country illegally. The officer initiates a data exchange with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to verify whether or not the two men are in the country illegally. During this information exchange, only those data components which are common between the two agencies (such as name, date of birth, sex, etc.) will be sent. Data components that are specific to the justice domain, such as the suspects’ criminal backgrounds, are not sent in the exchange. Upon receiving the information from the police, the INS can use the information to check the individuals’ passport and visa information and decide whether or not to deport them.


NIEM allows different domains to share common or universal data components.
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